For clinical researchers, de-identified structured data related to sexual orientation and gender identity is essential to advance research looking critically at LGBT population health disparities, aggregate measures of quality of care for LGBT patients, and aggregate LGBT patient outcomes. Large health care organizations such as Vanderbilt University, the University of California at Davis, the Veterans Administration, and Kaiser Permanente, as well as community health centers such as New York City’s Callen-Lorde and Boston’s Fenway Health, are already exploring opportunities to use electronic data on sexual orientation and gender identity to further aims related both to individual LGBT patient care and to LGBT population health research.